tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-58937353986765393502024-03-13T02:14:47.664-07:00Biology Invertebrate ProjectInvertebrates are animals without a backbone, or vertebral column. Over 95% of all animal species in the world are grouped as invertebrates.FaereyQueenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02718947841147041824noreply@blogger.comBlogger9125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5893735398676539350.post-52759603115664881742011-06-20T05:54:00.000-07:002011-06-20T05:55:02.997-07:00More Works Cited<p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color: #561800"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">Miller, Kenneth R. and Joseph Levine. Biology. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2004. Print</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color: #561800"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">Biology Invertebrates Notes</span></p>FaereyQueenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02718947841147041824noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5893735398676539350.post-14710286756850763362011-06-20T05:39:00.000-07:002011-06-20T05:44:43.361-07:00Echinoderms<a href="http://lhsvirtualzoo.wikispaces.com/file/view/Purple-sea-urchin.jpg/207862348/Purple-sea-urchin.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"></a><br /><a href="http://wamuseum.com.au/dampier/images/explore/echinoderm/seaurchin/seaurchin04.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 449px; height: 305px;" src="http://wamuseum.com.au/dampier/images/explore/echinoderm/seaurchin/seaurchin04.jpg" border="0" alt="" /></a><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#e7452f;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#e7452f;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">{ Characteristics }</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#571900;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">Echinoderms have spiny skin, an internal skeleton, a water vascular system, and suction-cuplike structures called tube feet. Most adults exhibit five-part radial symmetry. All are marine animals.</span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#571900;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#571900;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#db4a00;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#db4a00;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#db4a00;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#db4a00;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Baskerville;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#db4a00;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>Reproduction</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#db4a00;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b></b></span></p><b><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#974e35;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">Echinoderms have two means of reproducing. They can reproduce asexually or sexually.</span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#974e35;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"> Echinoderms can reproduce asexually through regeneration. If a part of the echinoderm has broken off, it can regenerate new parts if it has part of the central disk.</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"> Echinoderms have sex organs in each arm. Since echinoderms are not hermaphroditic, both gametes are released into the water where fertilization occurs. </span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#ec5000;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>Examples of Echinoderms</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#ec5000;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b></b></span></p><b><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#8b2c00;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">There are about 7000 species of echinoderms.</span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#8b2c00;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">There are five classes of echinoderms: sea urchins and sand dollars, brittle stars, sea cucumbers, sea stars, and sea lilies and feather stars.</span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#e84e00;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>Vocabulary</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#e84e00;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b></b></span></p><b><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>endoskeleton</b> - structural support located inside the body of an animal</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>water vascular system</b> - system of internal tubes in echinoderms that carries out essential functions such as feeding, respiration, circulation, and movement</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>madreporite</b> - sievelike structure through which the water vascular system of an echinoderm opens to the outside</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>tube foot</b> - suction-cuplike structure attached to radial canals of echinoderms’ used to walk and to open shells</span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(0, 0, 238); -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; "></span></span></p><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color: #ff5a00"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>Works Cited</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color: #ff5a00"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b></b></span></p><b><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color: #561800"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><a href="http://lhsvirtualzoo.wikispaces.com/file/view/Purple-sea-urchin.jpg/207862348/Purple-sea-urchin.jpg">http://lhsvirtualzoo.wikispaces.com/file/view/Purple-sea-urchin.jpg/207862348/Purple-sea-urchin.jpg</a></span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color: #561800"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzdu_bA9JqtXjDOLRkOF11b1jg8K3hEc4r4x6aYexEou1phb_Y1qO3uyg2U2Bq43aO89CBoQGqjVYyMtR_skmZg8E67FU8Vgs-RZ4fOM87lCnS4xFbTCKvUx3hufQu2EfY69qONPvuJa-y/s1600/sand-dollar.jpg">https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzdu_bA9JqtXjDOLRkOF11b1jg8K3hEc4r4x6aYexEou1phb_Y1qO3uyg2U2Bq43aO89CBoQGqjVYyMtR_skmZg8E67FU8Vgs-RZ4fOM87lCnS4xFbTCKvUx3hufQu2EfY69qONPvuJa-y/s1600/sand-dollar.jpg</a></span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color: #561800"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><a href="http://myfishtanks.info/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/brittle.jpg">http://myfishtanks.info/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/brittle.jpg</a></span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color: #561800"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><a href="http://herbsknowledge.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/collagen-sea-cucumbers-skin-face-care-herbs.jpg">http://herbsknowledge.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/collagen-sea-cucumbers-skin-face-care-herbs.jpg</a></span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color: #561800"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><a href="http://www.starfish.ch/Fotos/echinoderms-Stachelhauter/starfish-Seesterne/Fromia-indica.jpg">http://www.starfish.ch/Fotos/echinoderms-Stachelhauter/starfish-Seesterne/Fromia-indica.jpg</a></span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color: #561800"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><a href="http://www.indianetzone.com/photos_gallery/31/sealily1_21747.jpg">http://www.indianetzone.com/photos_gallery/31/sealily1_21747.jpg</a></span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color: #561800"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><a href="http://www.starfish.ch/Fotos/echinoderms-Stachelhauter/featherstars-Federsterne/Zygometra-sp-4.jpg">http://www.starfish.ch/Fotos/echinoderms-Stachelhauter/featherstars-Federsterne/Zygometra-sp-4.jpg</a></span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color: #561800"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><a href="http://wamuseum.com.au/dampier/images/explore/echinoderm/seaurchin/seaurchin04.jpg">http://wamuseum.com.au/dampier/images/explore/echinoderm/seaurchin/seaurchin04.jpg</a></span></p><div><br /></div></b><p></p></span><p></p></b><p></p><p></p><p></p></b><p></p><p></p><p></p></b><p></p><p></p></div>FaereyQueenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02718947841147041824noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5893735398676539350.post-26547741780899748082011-06-20T05:36:00.000-07:002011-06-20T05:39:02.233-07:00Arthropods<a href="http://www.valdosta.edu/~sljennin/060515_dragonfly_hmed_9a.widec.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 298px; height: 291px;" src="http://www.valdosta.edu/~sljennin/060515_dragonfly_hmed_9a.widec.jpg" border="0" alt="" /></a><br /><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#e7452f;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#e7452f;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#e7452f;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#e7452f;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#e7452f;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#e7452f;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#e7452f;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">{ Characteristics }</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#571900;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">Arthropods have a segmented body, tough exeskeleton, and jointed appendages. </span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#571900;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color: #571900"></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#e44d00;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#e44d00;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#e44d00;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#e44d00;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#e44d00;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#e44d00;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#e44d00;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#e44d00;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#e44d00;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>Reproduction</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#e44d00;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b></b></span></p><b><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#974e35;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">Arthropods reproduce sexually.</span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#974e35;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">Terrestrial arthropods have internal fertilization, whereas aquatic arthropods may have internal or external fertilization. There are two different metamorphoses arthropods can undergo. When an egg hatches into a mature adult, no metamorphosis occurs. When an egg develops into a <b>nymph</b> before the adult stage, the arthropod undergoes <b>incomplete metamorphosis</b>. When an egg develops into a larva, <b>pupa</b>, then adult, the arthropod undergoes <b>complete metamorphosis</b>. </span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#f55400;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>Examples of Arthropods</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#f55400;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b></b></span></p><b><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">There are three groups of arthropods. The subphylum Crustacea contains crabs, shrimps, lobsters, crayfishes, and barnacles. They are primarily aquatic, have two pairs of antennae, two or three body sections, and chewing mouthparts called <b>mandibles</b>. The subphylum Chelicerata includes horseshoe crabs, spiders, ticks, and scorpions. They have mouthparts called <b>chelicerae</b> and two body sections, and nearly all have four pairs of walking legs. The subphylum Uniramia contains centipedes, millipedes, and insects. They have jaws, one pair of antennae, and unbranched <b>appendages</b>.</span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#ff5700;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>Vocabulary</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#ff5700;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b></b></span></p><b><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>exoskeleton</b> - external skeleton; tough external covering that protects and supports the body of many invertebrates</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>chitin</b> - complex carbohydrate that makes up the external skeletons of arthropods</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>appendage</b> - structure, such as leg or antenna that extends from the body wall</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>tracheal tube</b> - one of many branching, air-filled tubes that extend throughout the bodies of many terrestrial arthropods</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>spiracle</b> - small opening located along the side of the body through which air enters and leaves the body of many terrestrial arthropods</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>book lung</b> - organ that has layers of respiratory tissue stacked like the pages of a book; used by some terrestrial arthropods for the exchange of gases</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>Malpighian tubule</b> - saclike organ in most terrestrial arthropods that extracts wastes from the blood, adding them to feces that move through the gut</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>molting</b> - process in which an arthropod sheds its exoskeleton and manufactures a larger one to take its place</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>cephalothorax</b> - region of a crustacean formed by the fusion of the head with the thorax</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>thorax</b> - body part of a crustacean that lies just behind the head and houses most of the internal organs</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>abdomen</b> - posterior part of an arthropod’s body</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>carapace</b> - the part of the exoskeleton that covers the cephalothorax</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>mandible</b> - mouthpart adapted for biting and grinding food</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>cheliped</b> - on of the first pair of legs of decapods</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>swimmeret</b> - flipperlike appendages used by decapods for swimming</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>chelicera</b> - pair of mouthparts in chelicerates that contain fangs and are used to stab and paralyze prey</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>pendipalp</b> - pair of mouthparts in chelicerates that are usually modified to grab prey</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>spinneret</b> - organ in spiders that contains silk glands</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>incomplete metamorphosis</b> - type of insect development characterized by a similar appearance throughout all stages of the life cycle</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>nymph</b> - immature form that lacks functional sex organs and other adult structures</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>complete metamorphosis</b> - type of insect development in which the larvae look and act nothing like their parents and also feed in completely different ways</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>pupa</b> - stage of metamorphosis in which an insect changes from a larva into an adult</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>pheromone</b> - specific chemical messenger that affects the behavior or development of other individuals of the same species</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>society</b> - group of closely related animals of the same species that work together for the benefit of the group</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>caste</b> - group of individual insects specialized to perform particular tasks, or roles</span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#ff5a00;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>Works Cited</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#ff5a00;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b></b></span></p><b><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><a href="http://www.valdosta.edu/~sljennin/060515_dragonfly_hmed_9a.widec.jpg">http://www.valdosta.edu/~sljennin/060515_dragonfly_hmed_9a.widec.jpg</a></span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><a href="http://sharon-taxonomy2009-p2.wikispaces.com/file/view/33-26-ArthropodExtAnatom-L.jpg/95549472/33-26-ArthropodExtAnatom-L.jpg">http://sharon-taxonomy2009-p2.wikispaces.com/file/view/33-26-ArthropodExtAnatom-L.jpg/95549472/33-26-ArthropodExtAnatom-L.jpg</a></span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><a href="http://images.cdn.fotopedia.com/flickr-3494553666-image.jpg">http://images.cdn.fotopedia.com/flickr-3494553666-image.jpg</a></span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><a href="http://www.occc.edu/trandall/biologylabs/Images/Arthopods/LargeRealBug.jpg">http://www.occc.edu/trandall/biologylabs/Images/Arthopods/LargeRealBug.jpg</a></span></p></b><p></p><p></p></b><p></p><p></p></b><p></p><p></p><p></p></b><p></p><p></p>FaereyQueenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02718947841147041824noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5893735398676539350.post-54602788876094244352011-06-20T05:33:00.000-07:002011-06-20T05:36:08.557-07:00Mollusks<a href="http://science.plazza.us/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/mollusks.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 590px; height: 360px;" src="http://science.plazza.us/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/mollusks.jpg" border="0" alt="" /></a><br /><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#e7452f;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#e7452f;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">{ Characteristics }</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#571900;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">Mollusks are soft-bodied animals that usually have an internal or external shell. All mollusks have a mantle.</span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#571900;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#571900;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#ef5100;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>Reproduction</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#ef5100;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b></b></span></p><b><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#974e35;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">Mollusks have one mean of reproducing. They reproduce sexually.</span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#974e35;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">Mollusks can reproduce sexually through internal or external fertilization. Many gastropods and bivalves reproduce using external fertilization. They release enormous numbers of eggs and sperm into open water that fertilize and develop into free-swimming larvae. Cephalopods and certain gastropods reproduce using internal fertilization. Some mollusks are hermaphroditic, but usually fertilize eggs from another. </span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#f85500;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>Examples of Mollusks</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#f85500;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b></b></span></p><b><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">There are three major classes of mollusks: Gastropoda, Bivalvia, and Cephalopoda. The class Gastropoda includes pond snails, land slugs, sea butterflies, sea hares, limpets, and nudibranchs. They are shell-less or single-shelled mollusks that move by using a muscular <b>foot</b> located on the ventral side. The class Bivalvia include clams, oysters, mussels, and scallops. They have two <b>shell</b>s that are held together by one or two powerful muscles. The class Cephalopoda includes octopi, squids, cuttlefishes, and nautiluses. They are typically soft-bodies mollusks in which the dead is attached to a single foot. The foot is divided into tentacles or arms. </span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#f55300;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>Vocabulary</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color: #f55300"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Baskerville;"><b></b></span></p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Baskerville;"><b><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>trochophore</b> - free-swimming larva stage of an aquatic mollusk</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>foot</b> - muscular part of a mollusk</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>mantle</b> - thin layer of tissue that covers most of a mollusks body</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>shell</b> - structure in mollusks made by glands in the mantle that secrete calcium carbonate</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>visceral mass</b> - area beneath the mantle of a mollusk that contains the internal organs</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>radula</b> - tongue-shaped structure used for feeding by snails and slugs</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>siphon</b> - tubelike structure through which water enters and leaves a mollusk’s body</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>open circulatory system</b> - system in which blood is not always contained within a network of blood vessels</span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#ff5a00;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>Works Cited</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#ff5a00;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b></b></span></p><b><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><a href="http://science.plazza.us/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/mollusks.jpg">http://science.plazza.us/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/mollusks.jpg</a></span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><a href="http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/16cm05/1116/33-19-GastropodsCollage.jpg">http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/16cm05/1116/33-19-GastropodsCollage.jpg</a></span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><a href="http://cas.bellarmine.edu/tietjen/AnimalDiversity/bivalvia01.gif">http://cas.bellarmine.edu/tietjen/AnimalDiversity/bivalvia01.gif</a> </span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><a href="http://cas.bellarmine.edu/tietjen/images/ng_nautilus_1.jpg">http://cas.bellarmine.edu/tietjen/images/ng_nautilus_1.jpg</a></span></p></b><p></p><p></p></b></span><p></p><p></p></b><p></p><p></p><p></p></b><p></p><p></p>FaereyQueenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02718947841147041824noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5893735398676539350.post-16902010325844445802011-06-20T05:28:00.000-07:002011-06-20T05:33:01.055-07:00Annelids<a href="http://www.ukdivers.net/images/bristle.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 142px;" src="http://www.ukdivers.net/images/bristle.jpg" border="0" alt="" /></a><br /><p color="#e7452f" style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; "><br /></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color: #e7452f"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">{ Characteristics }</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#571900;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">Annelids have segmented bodies and a true coelom that is line with tissue derived from mesoderm.</span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#571900;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#571900;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#ea4f00;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#ea4f00;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#ea4f00;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#ea4f00;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>Reproduction</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#ea4f00;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b></b></span></p><b><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#974e35;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">Annelids have one mean of reproducing. They reproduce sexually.</span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#974e35;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">Most annelids reproduce sexually, even though they are hermaphroditic. They exchange sperm, and when the eggs are ready for fertilization, a clitellum secretes a mucus ring where the eggs and sperm are released. Fertilization take place in the ring. The ring slips off the worm’s body and forms a protective cocoon where worms hatch from a couple weeks later.</span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#f05100;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>Examples of Annelids</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#f05100;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b></b></span></p><b><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">Annelids are divided into 3 classes: Oligochaeta, Hirudinea, and Polychaeta. The class Oligochaeta contain earthworms and their relatives. They are annelids that typically have streamlined bodies and relatively few <b>setae</b> compared to polychaetes. Most live in soil or fresh water. The class Hirudinea contains leeches. Leaches are typically external parasites that suck blood and body fluids of their host. In the Middle Ages, leeches were considered to leech the excess blood from a host to remove a disease. The class Polychaeta are marine annelids that have paired paddlelike appendages tips with setae.</span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#e94f00;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>Vocabulary</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#e94f00;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b></b></span></p><b><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>septum</b> - internal body wall between the segments of an annelid’s body</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>seta</b> - bristle attached to the segments of many annelids</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>crop</b> - part of the digestive system in which food can be stored</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>gizzard</b> - part of the digestive system in which food is ground into smaller pieces</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>closed circulatory system</b> - system in which blood is contained within a network of blood vessels</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>gill</b> - filamentous organ in aquatic animals specialized for the exchange of gases with water</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>nerphridium</b> -excretory system of an annelid that filters fluid in the coelom </span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>clitellum</b> - band of thickened, specialized segments in annelids that secretes a mucus ring into which eggs and sperm are released</span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#ff5a00;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>Works Cited</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#ff5a00;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b></b></span></p><b><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><a href="http://www.freewebs.com/invertebratezoology/Earthworm1.jpg">http://www.freewebs.com/invertebratezoology/Earthworm1.jpg</a></span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><a href="http://www.ukdivers.net/images/bristle.jpg">http://www.ukdivers.net/images/bristle.jpg</a></span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><a href="http://www.earthlife.net/inverts/images/annelids/hirudinea.jpg">http://www.earthlife.net/inverts/images/annelids/hirudinea.jpg</a></span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><a href="http://www.science.gu.se/digitalAssets/1307/1307803_paranaitis_katoiwebb.jpg">http://www.science.gu.se/digitalAssets/1307/1307803_paranaitis_katoiwebb.jpg</a></span></p></b><p></p><p></p></b><p></p><p></p></b><p></p><p></p><p></p></b><p></p><p></p>FaereyQueenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02718947841147041824noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5893735398676539350.post-43357970272956796982011-06-20T05:23:00.000-07:002011-06-20T05:28:37.013-07:00Nematodes (Roundworms)<a href="http://www.histopathology-india.net/roundworm.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 219px; height: 142px;" src="http://www.histopathology-india.net/roundworm.JPG" border="0" alt="" /></a><br /><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#e7452f;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#e7452f;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">{ Characteristics }</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#571900;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">Roundworms are unsegmented worms that have pseudocoeloms - a false coelom - and digestive systems with two openings - a mount and an anus.</span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#571900;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#571900;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#f25200;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#f25200;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#f25200;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#f25200;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>Reproduction</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#f25200;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b></b></span></p><b><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#974e35;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">Roundworms have only one means of reproducing - sexually. </span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#974e35;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">Roundworms reproduce using internal fertilization. Most species are not hermaphroditic, so usually the male inserts sperm inside the females reproductive tract.</span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#f05100;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>Examples of Roundworms</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#f05100;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b></b></span></p><b><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">Roundworms are free-living, but hey are better known as parasitic. They include trichinosis-causing worms, filarial worm, ascarid worm, and hookworms. Trichinosis is caused by the <i>Trichinella</i> roundworm. It completes its lifecycle only when an animal eats muscle containing the cysts - inactive larva. Filarial worms cause elephantiasis, a condition where the infected part of the body swells enormously. The filarial worms block the passage of fluids within lymph vessels in the infected area. Acarid worms - such as <i>Ascaris lumbricoides - </i>cause malnutrition in more than 1 billion people worldwide. Hookworms suck their host’s blood, causing weakness and poor growth.</span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#f55400;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>Vocabulary</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#f55400;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b></b></span></p><b><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>pseudocoelom</b> - false coelom</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>anus</b> - the posterior end of the digestive tract</span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#ff5a00;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>Works Cited</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#ff5a00;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b></b></span></p><b><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><a href="http://www.ah.novartis.com/images/cab/dog_Tclifecycle.jpg">http://www.ah.novartis.com/images/cab/dog_Tclifecycle.jpg</a></span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><a href="http://www.microbeworld.org/images/stories/twip/trichinella_spiralis.jpg">http://www.microbeworld.org/images/stories/twip/trichinella_spiralis.jpg</a></span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><a href="http://www.bio.davidson.edu/courses/immunology/Students/spring2006/Heeren/eleph.html">http://www.bio.davidson.edu/courses/immunology/Students/spring2006/Heeren/eleph.html</a></span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><a href="http://www.histopathology-india.net/roundworm.JPG">http://www.histopathology-india.net/roundworm.JPG</a></span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><a href="http://www.metapathogen.com/IMG/ascaris-life-cycle.png">http://www.metapathogen.com/IMG/ascaris-life-cycle.png</a></span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/7856095.stm">http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/7856095.stm</a></span></p><div><br /></div></b><p></p><p></p></b><p></p><p></p></b><p></p><p></p><p></p></b><p></p><p></p>FaereyQueenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02718947841147041824noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5893735398676539350.post-62553532298363382002011-06-20T05:17:00.000-07:002011-06-20T05:22:20.757-07:00Platyhelminthes (Flatworms)<a href="http://www.rzuser.uni-heidelberg.de/~bu6/pow.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 800px; height: 547px;" src="http://www.rzuser.uni-heidelberg.de/~bu6/pow.jpg" border="0" alt="" /></a><br /><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#e7452f;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#e7452f;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">{ Characteristics }</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#571900;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">Flatworms are soft, flattened worms that have tissues and internal organ systems. They are the simplest animals to have 3 embryonic germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm), bilateral symmetry, and cephalization. Although they have 3 embryonic germ layers, they are acoelomates.</span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#571900;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#571900;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#e54d00;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>Reproduction</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#e54d00;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b></b></span></p><b><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#974e35;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">Flatworms have two mean of reproducing. They can reproduce asexually or sexually.</span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#974e35;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"> Flatworms reproduce asexually through fragmentation or <b>fission</b>.</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"> Since most flatworms are<b> hermaphrodite</b>s, they can reproduce sexually through a mutual exchange of sperm. The eggs are laid in clusters and hatch within a couple weeks.</span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#ea4f00;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>Examples of Flatworms</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#ea4f00;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b></b></span></p><b><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">There are three classes of flatworms: Turbellarians, Trematoda, and Cestoda. Turbellarians are free-living flatworms that mostly live in marine or fresh water. The most familiar are the planarians, the “cross-eyed” freshwater flatworms. Trematoda are known as flukes - parasitic flatworms that infect the internal organs of their host. The <i>Schistosoma</i> fluke causes schistosomiasis, a serious disease in which the eggs clog blood vessels, causing swelling and tissue decay in the lungs, liver, spleen, or intestines. The Cestoda - tapeworms - are long, flat, parasitic flatworms that are adapted to life inside the intestines of their hosts. </span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#ec5000;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>Vocabulary</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#ec5000;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b></b></span></p><b><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>acoelomate</b> - without coelom</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>coelom</b> - a fluid-filled body cavity that is lined with tissue derive from mesoderm</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>pharynx</b> - muscular tube at the end of the gastrovascular cavity, or throat, that connects the mouth with the rest of the digestive tract and serves as a passageway for air and food</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>flame cell</b> -specialized cell that filters and removes excess water from the body of a flatworm </span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>ganglion</b> - group of nerve cells </span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>eyespot</b> - group of cells that can detect changes in the amount of light in the environment</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>hermaphrodite</b> - individual that has both male and female reproductive organs</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>fission</b> - form of asexual reproduction in which an organism splits in two, and each half grows new parts to become a complete organism</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>scolex</b> - head of an adult tapeworm; can contain suckers or hooks</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>proglottid</b> - one of the segments that make up most of a tapeworm’s body</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>testis</b> - male gonad that produces sperm</span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#ff5a00;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>Works Cited</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#ff5a00;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b></b></span></p><b><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><a href="http://edu.glogster.com/media/5/24/43/95/24439576.jpg">http://edu.glogster.com/media/5/24/43/95/24439576.jpg</a></span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><a href="http://www.sciencephoto.com/image/121403/530wm/C0057852-The_Fluke_Schistosoma_mansoni_-SPL.jpg">http://www.sciencephoto.com/image/121403/530wm/C0057852-The_Fluke_Schistosoma_mansoni_-SPL.jpg</a></span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><a href="http://www.rzuser.uni-heidelberg.de/~bu6/pow.jpg">http://www.rzuser.uni-heidelberg.de/~bu6/pow.jpg</a></span></p></b><p></p><p></p></b><p></p><p></p></b><p></p><p></p><p></p></b><p></p><p></p>FaereyQueenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02718947841147041824noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5893735398676539350.post-81666052676126751592011-06-20T05:10:00.000-07:002011-06-20T05:23:09.380-07:00Cnidaria<a href="http://www.dnr.sc.gov/marine/pub/seascience/images/moonjelly.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 225px; height: 191px;" src="http://www.dnr.sc.gov/marine/pub/seascience/images/moonjelly.jpg" border="0" alt="" /></a><br /><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#e7452f;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#e7452f;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">{ Characteristics }</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#571900;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">Cnidarians have jelly-like bodies, stinging cells, tentacles, and a sac-like gut. They live in aquatic environments and there are about 10,000 species in 3 classes including hydra, jellyfish, sea anemones and corals. They have radial symmetry. </span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#571900;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#571900;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#571900;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#571900;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#571900;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#571900;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#571900;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#571900;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#571900;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#f15200;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>Reproduction</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#f15200;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b></b></span></p><b><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#974e35;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">Cnidarians have two means of reproducing. They can reproduce either asexually or sexually.</span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#974e35;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"> Cnidarians reproduce asexually by budding - which usually happens in the polyp form. In one way of budding, a polyp begins swelling on its side which grow into a new polyp. In the other way of budding, polyps produce little medusas that separate and become new individual medusas.</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"> Cnidarians reproduce sexually through external fertilization. Female release eggs into the water and male release sperm. When the sperm fertilize the eggs, they produce many diploid zygotes. Each zygote grows into a larva that will attach itself to a hard surface and develop into a polyp. The polyp buds and releases young medusas that grow into adult medusas and the cycle repeats itself.</span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#dc4a00;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>Examples of Cnidaria</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#dc4a00;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b></b></span></p><b><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#96411d;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">There are three classes of cnidarians: jellyfishes, hydra and their relatives, and sea anemones and coral.</span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#96411d;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">The class Scyphozoa - meaning “cup animals” - contains the jellyfishes. The Moon Jellyfish, Lion’s Mane, and Cannonball Jelly are three common known jellyfishes.</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">The class Hydrozoa contains hydras and other related animals. Portuguese man-o-wars, fire coral, and by-the-wind sailors are three hydras.</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">The class Zoantharia contains sea anemones and coral. </span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#e14c00;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>Vocabulary</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#e14c00;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b></b></span></p><b><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>cnidocyte</b> - stinging cells</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>nematocyst</b> - a poison-filled, stinging structure that contains a tightly coiled dart</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>polyp</b> -usually sessile stage of the life cycle of a cnidarian that has a cylindrical body with armlike tentacles</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>medusa</b> - motile stage of the life of a cnidarian that has a bell-shaped body</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>gastrovascular cavity</b> -digestive chamber with one opening</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>nerve net</b> -a loosely organized network of nerve cells that together allow cnidarians to detect stimuli</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>hydrostatic skeleton</b> -a layer of circular muscles and a layer of longitudinal muscles that, together with the water in the gastrovascular cavity, enable the cnidarian to move</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>external fertilization</b> -process in which eggs are fertilized outside the female body</span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span></p><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color: #ff5a00"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>Works Cited</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color: #ff5a00"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b></b></span></p><b><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color: #561800"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><a href="http://www.earthlife.net/inverts/cnidaria.html">http://www.earthlife.net/inverts/cnidaria.html</a> </span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color: #561800"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><a href="http://www.jellyfishfacts.net/common-jellyfish.html">http://www.jellyfishfacts.net/common-jellyfish.html</a></span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color: #561800"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><a href="http://lhsvirtualzoo.wikispaces.com/file/view/hydra.jpg/208767978/hydra.jpg">http://lhsvirtualzoo.wikispaces.com/file/view/hydra.jpg/208767978/hydra.jpg</a></span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color: #561800"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><a href="http://www.eol.org/pages/1795">http://www.eol.org/pages/1795</a></span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color: #561800"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><a href="http://tolweb.org/zoantharia">http://tolweb.org/zoantharia</a> </span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color: #561800"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><a href="http://www.dnr.sc.gov/marine/pub/seascience/images/moonjelly.jpg">http://www.dnr.sc.gov/marine/pub/seascience/images/moonjelly.jpg</a></span></p></b><p></p></span><p></p></b><p></p><p></p><p></p></b><p></p><p></p><p></p></b><p></p><p></p>FaereyQueenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02718947841147041824noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5893735398676539350.post-74717762493098970022011-06-20T04:58:00.000-07:002011-06-20T05:10:13.935-07:00Porifera (Sponges)<a href="http://sponges-porifera.wikispaces.com/file/view/sponge11.jpg/217474638/sponge11.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 800px; height: 600px;" src="http://sponges-porifera.wikispaces.com/file/view/sponge11.jpg/217474638/sponge11.jpg" border="0" alt="" /></a><br /><a href="http://www.mbgnet.net/salt/animals/1sponge.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="float:right; margin:0 0 10px 10px;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 472px; height: 393px;" src="http://www.mbgnet.net/salt/animals/1sponge.jpg" border="0" alt="" /></a><br /><a href="http://sponges-porifera.wikispaces.com/file/view/sponge11.jpg/217474638/sponge11.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"></a><p color="#e7452f" style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; ">{ Characteristics }</p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#571900;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">Sponges are multicellular, heterotrophic, have no cell walls, and contain a few specialized cells. Their bodies are covered with pore cells and supported with spicules and spongin. They are all aquatic, and although they contain a few specialized cells, they have no specialized organs.</span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#571900;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Casual; color:#571900;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#f15200;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>Reproduction</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#f15200;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b></b></span></p><b><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px Casual; color:#974e35;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">Sponges have two means of reproducing. They can either reproduce asexually or sexually.</span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px Casual; color:#974e35;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px">Sponges can reproduce asexually by fragmentation, producing <b>gemmules</b>, or budding. Fragmentation occurs when their body is broken, each broken piece can produce an offspring which can grow into an adult sponge. When there are difficult environmental conditions, sponges produce gemmules - which can survive temperature extremes until the conditions become favorable to grow into a new sponge. Budding occurs when a part of a sponge breaks off and settles to the sea floor to grow into a new sponge.</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"> Most sponges are hermaphroditic, but reproduce sexually through a process called <b>internal fertilization</b>. In this process, sperm are released from one sponge into a current and are taken in by another sponge. The sperm are carried to eggs inside the body wall and fertilize the eggs to form zygotes. The zygotes mature into mobile larva that settle away from their parent.</span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#cf4112;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>Vocabulary</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#cf4112;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b></b></span></p><b><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>choanocytes</b> - specialized cells that use flagella to move a steady current of water through the sponge</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>osculum</b> - a large hole at the top of the sponge which water leaves through</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>spicule</b> - a spike-shaped structure made of chalk-like calcium carbonate or glasslike silica</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>archaeocytes</b> - specialized cells that move around within the walls of the sponge, make spicules</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>internal fertilization</b> - a process where eggs are fertilized inside the sponge’s body</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>larva</b> - an immature stage of an organism that looks different from the adult form</span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>gemmules</b> - groups of archaeocytes surrounded by a tough layer of spicules</span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"></span></p><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#ff5a00;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b>Works Cited</b></span></p><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 24.0px 'Baskerville SemiBold'; color:#ff5a00;"><span style="font: 24.0px Baskerville; letter-spacing: 0.0px"><b></b></span></p><b><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><a href="http://www.pznow.co.uk/marine/sponges.html">http://www.pznow.co.uk/marine/sponges.html</a></span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><a href="http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/I/Invertebrates.html">http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/I/Invertebrates.html</a></span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><a href="http://sponges-porifera.wikispaces.com/file/view/sponge11.jpg/217474638/sponge11.jpg">http://sponges-porifera.wikispaces.com/file/view/sponge11.jpg/217474638/sponge11.jpg</a></span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><a href="http://biology.about.com/od/genetics/ss/Asexual-Reproduction.htm">http://biology.about.com/od/genetics/ss/Asexual-Reproduction.htm</a></span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><a href="http://www.mbgnet.net/salt/animals/1sponge.jpg">http://www.mbgnet.net/salt/animals/1sponge.jpg</a></span></p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Hoefler Text'; color:#561800;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/002209819190047Z">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/002209819190047Z</a></span></p></b><p></p></span><p></p></b><p></p><p></p><p></p></b><p></p><p></p>FaereyQueenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02718947841147041824noreply@blogger.com0